Nothing to Sneeze At: How to Cope with Hay Fever

Hay fever, or seasonal rhinitis, is an allergic reaction to pollen or spores. These particles are released into the air by trees, grasses, weeds, and molds. More than 35 million Americans have hay fever, and studies show its incidence is increasing.

Signs of hay fever include itchy eyes, stuffy or runny nose, and frequent sneezing. These symptoms may occur from early spring through late fall. They are triggered when the pollen or spores — called allergens — come into contact with the mucous membranes of the nose and throat. Symptoms may be mild and occasional. Or they may be severe enough to affect quality of life.

Experts say that the best way to prevent or reduce symptoms is to avoid exposure to allergens. Check the pollen and mold counts given in local weather reports. When counts are high:

• Stay indoors and keep windows closed.
• Use a dehumidifier.
• Avoid grassy places on dry, windy days, especially in the early morning and evening.
• Wear glasses or sunglasses to protect your eyes.

Over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants may help mild symptoms. Prescription drugs may be needed for more severe cases. Ask your doctor which medications are best for you. Oral antihistamines typically have been used as the first line of treatment. But recent studies show that prescription corticosteroid nasal sprays may be more effective. More research is needed, however, to understand the longterm effects of corticosteroids, especially in children. n